Calculus practice

Volume Using Cross Sections

Practice exact volumes whose square, rectangular, or right-triangular cross sections stand on widths through semicircular, semi-oval, and elliptical bases.

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Sketch each base and cross section, derive its area function, and find the exact volume.

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Turn base widths into cross-sectional areas

Each problem starts with a measured ellipse or upper half-ellipse. Students identify the exact slice width, apply the square, rectangle, or right-triangle area rule, and integrate the resulting quadratic.

Learning objective

What this activity builds

Derive a slice width and cross-sectional area function, then integrate it exactly over the base.

Worked example

If a square cross section has side w(x), what is its area?

A(x) = w(x)^2.

The base region supplies the segment length w(x); the named cross-sectional shape turns that length into an area.

Teaching notes

Make the practice count

  • Mark whether slices are perpendicular to the x-axis or y-axis before finding bounds.
  • Square the radical width before expanding the area function.
  • For a right triangle, w and rw are perpendicular legs, so A = rw^2/2.

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Choose 2 or 4 problems. The height ratio applies only to rectangles and right triangles; squares always have side ratio 1.

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Cross sections
Base regions
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Math SheetNameScoreTeacherDateVolume Using Cross SectionsSketch the base and cross section, then find the exact volume.1.The base is the full noncircular ellipse inside the measured boundaryx+3225+y216 = 1Cross sections perpendicular to the x-axis are right triangles with perpendicular legs w and 2w.Sketch the base and a sample slice.Cross section (not to scale)w2wWork:V = cubic units2.The base is the upper half of a noncircular ellipse inside the measured boundaryx+3229+y+3236 = 1Restrict to y >= -3. Cross sections perpendicular to the x-axis are squares with side w.Sketch the base and a sample slice.Cross section (not to scale)wwWork:V = cubic unitsExact volume; cubic units.math-sheet.comPage 1 of 2
Math SheetNameScoreTeacherDateVolume Using Cross SectionsSketch the base and cross section, then find the exact volume.3.The base is the upper half-disk inside the measured boundaryx+1236+y-52236 = 1Restrict to y >= 5/2. Cross sections perpendicular to the x-axis are rectangles with base w and height 1w.Sketch the base and a sample slice.Cross section (not to scale)w1wWork:V = cubic units4.The base is the upper half of a noncircular ellipse inside the measured boundaryx+12236+y+1229 = 1Restrict to y >= -1/2. Cross sections perpendicular to the x-axis are rectangles with base w and height 1/2w.Sketch the base and a sample slice.Cross section (not to scale)w1/2wWork:V = cubic unitsExact volume; cubic units.math-sheet.comPage 2 of 2

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