Fact family
Addition and subtraction fact families
Use six number triangles to write two additions and two subtractions per family. Choose first addends from 1–12; the other addend is from 1–9.
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Addition and subtraction family flash cards
Use complete sets of part–whole triangles, including zero and doubles. Choose wholes through 9, 12 or 18.
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Read the two parts and the whole in the triangle. Say the related additions and subtractions before checking the reference card.
48 cards on 12 pages in the default deck. The image shows its first page. Adding the reference set produces 24 PDF pages in total.
Endpoints 9, 12 and 18 produce complete decks of 29, 48 and 99 triangles. Density changes sheets, not the families.
The ready-made image shows page 1; each PDF contains the full deck. Cards with references adds a separate complete set with answers or annotations. These are not mirrored duplex backs and make no front/back alignment promise. Print at actual size and cut along the optional guides.
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Fixed decks keep every card when density changes. Ordered fixed decks ignore the seed; choose Shuffled to use the seed for a different order. Time, number and money-amount decks generate a count from pages × density and can contain repeats.
Learning objective
What this activity builds
Explain two additions and two subtractions from one part–whole triangle.
Worked example
What facts connect 2, 5 and 7?
2 + 5 = 7; 5 + 2 = 7; 7 − 5 = 2; 7 − 2 = 5.
Addition joins the parts in either order. Subtraction starts at the whole and removes one part to recover the other.
Teaching notes
Make the practice count
- Every unordered pair for each whole from 1 through the endpoint is included. The triangle givens stay visible on prompt cards.
- Zero is allowed as a part. Doubles retain four reference equations, with only two distinct facts.
- Use the separate six-family worksheet when learners need boxes for written equations rather than a complete card deck.
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Choose your options and review every card page. Reference cards are a separate optional set.
Enlarged pages scroll. PDF size stays the same.
The preview shows the complete set for the selected role. Reference cards form a separate annotated set, not mirrored duplex backs. Density and paper determine the sheet layout.
A useful next step
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Horizontal number bonds
Find one missing part in two-part equations with a fixed whole from 5 to 100, six equation layouts and up to 30 problems.
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Flash cards
Addition flash cards
Practice one fixed addend with every partner from zero through 9 or 12. Print the complete fact set with optional separate reference cards.
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